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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
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the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
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of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
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a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
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when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
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announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
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License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
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implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
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certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
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NO WARRANTY
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FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
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POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.

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.POSIX:
PREFIX = /usr/local
CC = gcc
dwmblocks: main.o
$(CC) main.o -lX11 -Ofast -o dwmblocks
main.o: main.c config.h
$(CC) -Ofast -c main.c
clean:
rm -f *.o *.gch dwmblocks
install: dwmblocks
mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin
cp -f dwmblocks $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin
chmod 755 $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin/dwmblocks
uninstall:
rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin/dwmblocks
.PHONY: clean install uninstall

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#define CMDLENGTH 50
#define DELIMITER " | "
const Block blocks[] = {
BLOCK("sb-volume", 0, 5)
BLOCK("sb-disk", 5, 20)
BLOCK("sb-memory", 5, 18)
BLOCK("sb-cpu", 5, 19)
BLOCK("sb-clock", 1, 21)
};

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#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/signalfd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define POLL_INTERVAL 50
#define LEN(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))
#define BLOCK(cmd, interval, signal) {"echo \"$(" cmd ")\"", interval, signal},
typedef struct {
const char* command;
const unsigned int interval;
const unsigned int signal;
} Block;
#include "config.h"
#ifdef CLICKABLE_BLOCKS
#undef CLICKABLE_BLOCKS
#define CLICKABLE_BLOCKS 1
#else
#undef CLICKABLE_BLOCKS
#define CLICKABLE_BLOCKS 0
#endif
static Display* dpy;
static int screen;
static Window root;
static unsigned short int statusContinue = 1;
static char outputs[LEN(blocks)][CMDLENGTH + 1 + CLICKABLE_BLOCKS];
static char statusBar[2][LEN(blocks) * ((LEN(outputs[0]) - 1) + (LEN(DELIMITER) - 1)) + 1];
static struct epoll_event event, events[LEN(blocks) + 2];
static int pipes[LEN(blocks)][2];
static int timerPipe[2];
static int signalFD;
static int epollFD;
void (*writeStatus)();
int gcd(int a, int b) {
int temp;
while (b > 0) {
temp = a % b;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
return a;
}
void closePipe(int* pipe) {
close(pipe[0]);
close(pipe[1]);
}
void execBlock(int i, const char* button) {
if (fork() == 0) {
close(pipes[i][0]);
dup2(pipes[i][1], STDOUT_FILENO);
if (button)
setenv("BLOCK_BUTTON", button, 1);
execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", blocks[i].command);
close(pipes[i][1]);
}
}
void execBlocks(unsigned long long int time) {
for (int i = 0; i < LEN(blocks); i++)
if (time == 0 || (blocks[i].interval != 0 && time % blocks[i].interval == 0))
execBlock(i, NULL);
}
int getStatus(char* new, char* old) {
strcpy(old, new);
new[0] = '\0';
for (int i = 0; i < LEN(blocks); i++) {
#ifdef LEADING_DELIMITER
if (strlen(outputs[i]))
#else
if (strlen(new) && strlen(outputs[i]))
#endif
strcat(new, DELIMITER);
strcat(new, outputs[i]);
}
return strcmp(new, old);
}
void updateBlock(int i) {
char* output = outputs[i];
char buffer[LEN(outputs[0])];
int bytesRead = read(pipes[i][0], buffer, LEN(buffer));
buffer[bytesRead - 1] = '\0';
if (bytesRead == LEN(buffer)) {
// Clear the pipe
char ch;
while (read(pipes[i][0], &ch, 1) == 1 && ch != '\n')
;
} else if (bytesRead == 1) {
output[0] = '\0';
return;
}
#if CLICKABLE_BLOCKS
if (blocks[i].signal > 0) {
output[0] = blocks[i].signal;
output++;
}
#endif
strcpy(output, buffer);
}
void debug() {
// Only write out if text has changed
if (!getStatus(statusBar[0], statusBar[1]))
return;
write(STDOUT_FILENO, statusBar[0], strlen(statusBar[0]));
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\n", 1);
}
void setRoot() {
// Only set root if text has changed
if (!getStatus(statusBar[0], statusBar[1]))
return;
Display* d = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
if (d)
dpy = d;
screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
XStoreName(dpy, root, statusBar[0]);
XCloseDisplay(dpy);
}
void signalHandler() {
struct signalfd_siginfo info;
read(signalFD, &info, sizeof(info));
for (int j = 0; j < LEN(blocks); j++) {
if (blocks[j].signal == info.ssi_signo - SIGRTMIN) {
char button[] = {'0' + info.ssi_int & 0xff, 0};
execBlock(j, button);
break;
}
}
// Clear the pipe after each poll to limit number of signals handled
while (read(signalFD, &info, sizeof(info)) != -1)
;
}
void termHandler() {
statusContinue = 0;
}
void setupSignals() {
signal(SIGTERM, termHandler);
signal(SIGINT, termHandler);
// Avoid zombie subprocesses
struct sigaction sa;
sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDWAIT;
sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, 0);
// Handle block update signals
sigset_t sigset;
sigemptyset(&sigset);
for (int i = 0; i < LEN(blocks); i++)
if (blocks[i].signal > 0)
sigaddset(&sigset, SIGRTMIN + blocks[i].signal);
signalFD = signalfd(-1, &sigset, 0);
fcntl(signalFD, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigset, NULL);
event.data.u32 = LEN(blocks) + 1;
epoll_ctl(epollFD, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, signalFD, &event);
}
void statusLoop() {
execBlocks(0);
while (statusContinue) {
int eventCount = epoll_wait(epollFD, events, LEN(events), POLL_INTERVAL / 10);
for (int i = 0; i < eventCount; i++) {
unsigned int id = events[i].data.u32;
if (id == LEN(blocks)) {
unsigned long long int j = 0;
read(timerPipe[0], &j, sizeof(j));
execBlocks(j);
} else if (id < LEN(blocks)) {
updateBlock(events[i].data.u32);
} else {
signalHandler();
}
}
if (eventCount)
writeStatus();
// Poll every `POLL_INTERVAL` milliseconds
struct timespec toSleep = {.tv_nsec = POLL_INTERVAL * 1000000UL};
nanosleep(&toSleep, &toSleep);
}
}
void timerLoop() {
close(timerPipe[0]);
unsigned int sleepInterval = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < LEN(blocks); i++)
if (blocks[i].interval)
sleepInterval = gcd(blocks[i].interval, sleepInterval);
unsigned long long int i = 0;
struct timespec sleepTime = {sleepInterval, 0};
struct timespec toSleep = sleepTime;
while (1) {
// Sleep for `sleepTime` even on being interrupted
if (nanosleep(&toSleep, &toSleep) == -1)
continue;
// Notify parent to update blocks
write(timerPipe[1], &i, sizeof(i));
// After sleep, reset timer and update counter
toSleep = sleepTime;
i += sleepInterval;
}
close(timerPipe[1]);
}
void init() {
epollFD = epoll_create(LEN(blocks) + 1);
event.events = EPOLLIN;
for (int i = 0; i < LEN(blocks); i++) {
pipe(pipes[i]);
event.data.u32 = i;
epoll_ctl(epollFD, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, pipes[i][0], &event);
}
pipe(timerPipe);
event.data.u32 = LEN(blocks);
epoll_ctl(epollFD, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, timerPipe[0], &event);
setupSignals();
}
int main(const int argc, const char* argv[]) {
writeStatus = setRoot;
for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
if (!strcmp("-d", argv[i]))
writeStatus = debug;
init();
if (fork() == 0)
timerLoop();
else
statusLoop();
close(epollFD);
close(signalFD);
closePipe(timerPipe);
for (int i = 0; i < LEN(pipes); i++)
closePipe(pipes[i]);
return 0;
}

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